Vocal Fold Abduction

Term Category: Anatomy

Vocal fold abduction refers to the movement of the vocal folds away from the midline of the larynx, resulting in the widening of the glottis, which is the space between the vocal folds. This action is primarily controlled by the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, which are the only muscles responsible for opening the vocal folds. Abduction of the vocal folds is a crucial aspect of respiration, as it allows air to flow into the lungs for breathing.

When the vocal folds are in the abducted position, they do not vibrate and thus do not produce sound. This position is essential for silent breathing and is also employed during certain phonetic sounds that require an open glottis, such as the production of voiceless consonants like /h/ and /f/ in English.

Impact on Singing Teaching

In singing pedagogy, understanding and controlling the process of vocal fold abduction is vital for several reasons:

• Breathing and Support: Efficient vocal fold abduction is essential for singers to take in air quickly and silently between phrases. Singing teachers often work with students to develop quick and efficient breaths that do not disrupt the rhythm or flow of the music, especially in fast or complex passages.
• Vocal Health: The ability to properly abduct the vocal folds is important for preventing vocal strain. If the vocal folds do not abduct fully during inhalation, it may lead to increased tension when phonating, which can cause vocal fatigue or damage over time.
• Voiceless Consonants: In the articulation of voiceless consonants, controlled vocal fold abduction is necessary. Singing pedagogy includes training on how to produce these consonants without introducing unnecessary tension or disrupting the legato line.
• Dynamic Control: The degree of abduction can affect the onset of sound, which is important for achieving different dynamic levels and effects. For instance, a soft onset, like in a pianissimo phrase, requires a gentle adduction from a previously abducted position, whereas a louder onset may require less initial abduction.
• Resonance: Full abduction during inhalation can help to reset the vocal tract for optimal resonance. By ensuring that the vocal tract is open and relaxed, singers can produce a more resonant and free sound.
• Rest and Recovery: Periods of vocal fold abduction give the vocal folds a chance to rest momentarily during singing. This helps to prevent overuse and allows for vocal recovery, particularly in genres that demand constant or powerful phonation.