Average Speaking Frequencies

Average Speaking Frequencies refer to the typical fundamental frequency (F₀) ranges produced during conversational speech, measured in Hertz (Hz). While the average speaking frequency of an individual has limited diagnostic value on its own, it plays a crucial...

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the amount of air a person can forcibly exhale beyond the normal tidal volume. Expiratory Reserve Volume is used during any passage using greater volumes of air than tidal breathing and can be essential for maintaining...

Closed Quotient

Closed Quotient refers to the proportion of time during a vocal fold vibration cycle when the vocal folds are completely closed (adducted). It is usually expressed as a percentage. Closed quotient is a critical factor in voice production, as it influences the tone,...

Chaos Theory

Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics and physics that studies complex and unpredictable systems. It explores how seemingly random and chaotic behavior can emerge from simple nonlinear equations. Chaos theory suggests that small changes in initial conditions can...

Centimeters of Water

Centimeters of water is a unit of pressure measurement. It is used to quantify pressure in terms of the height of a column of water. One centimeter of water is equal to the pressure exerted by a one-centimeter high column of water under the influence of gravity at...